Dyschromatopsia in multiple sclerosis reflects diffuse chronic neurodegeneration beyond anatomical landmarks.
Antonio Barreiro-GonzálezMaría T SanzSara Carratalà-BoscàFrancisco Carlos Pérez-MirallesCarmen AlcaláEnrique España-GregoriBonaventura CasanovaPublished in: Acta neurologica Belgica (2020)
To formulate and validate a dyschromatopsia linear regression model in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). 64 MS patients (50 to formulate the model and 14 for its validation) underwent neurological (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), color vision (Farnsworth D15 test), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and retinal evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Neuroradiological examination permitted to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and cervical spinal cord volume (SC). Ophthalmic parameters were calculated as the average of both non-optic neuritis (ON) eyes, and in case the patient had previous ON, the value of the fellow non-ON eye was taken. The influence of sex, age, disease duration, and history of disease-modifying treatment (first- or second-line DMT) was tested as covariables that could influence color perception. Color confusion index (log CCI) correlated with pRNFL (r = - 0.322, p = 0.009), ganglion cell layer (GCL, r = - 0.321, p = 0.01), BPF (r = - 0.287, p = 0.021), SC volume (r = - 0.33, p = 0.008), patients' age (r = 0.417, p = 0.001), disease duration (r = 0.371, p = 0.003), and EDSS (r = 0.44, p = 0.001). The following CCI equation was obtained: log (CCI) = 0.316-0.224 BPF - 0.187 SC volume (mm3) + 0.226 age (years) + 0.012 disease duration (years) - 0.372 GCL (µm). CCI correlates with MS clinical and paraclinical established biomarkers suggesting chronic diffuse neurodegeneration in MS operates at brain, SC, and retina linking all three compartments. Color vision outcome can be calculated through the aforementioned variables for clinical and research purposes.
Keyphrases
- optical coherence tomography
- neuropathic pain
- multiple sclerosis
- optic nerve
- diabetic retinopathy
- spinal cord
- ms ms
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- white matter
- chronic kidney disease
- prognostic factors
- mass spectrometry
- spinal cord injury
- peritoneal dialysis
- magnetic resonance imaging
- blood brain barrier
- high performance liquid chromatography
- drug induced
- patient reported
- tandem mass spectrometry