Method of sparse-view coded-aperture x-ray diffraction tomography.

X-ray diffraction tomography (XRDT) obtains spatial-resolved XRD pattern distribution, which has become a frontier biological sample inspection method. Currently, XRD computed tomography (XRD-CT) featured by the conventional CT scan mode has the best spatial resolution among various XRDT methods, but its scan process takes hours. Meanwhile, snapshot XRDT methods such as coded-aperture XRDT (CA-XRDT) aim at direct imaging without scan movements. With compressed-sensing acquisition applied, CA-XRDT significantly shortens data acquisition time. However, the snapshot acquisition results in a significant drop in resolution. We need an advanced XRDT method that significantly accelerates XRD-CT acquisition and still maintains an acceptable imaging accuracy.
Approach: Inspired by the high spatial resolution of XRD-CT from rotational scan and the fast compressed-sensing acquisition in snapshot CA-XRDT (SnapshotCA-XRDT), we proposed a new XRDT imaging method: sparse-view rotational CA-XRDT (RotationCA-XRDT). It takes SnapshotCA-XRDT as a preliminary depth-resolved XRDT method, and combines rotational scan to significantly improve the spatial resolution. A model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method is adopted for RotationCA-XRDT. We suggest a refined system model for the RotationCA-XRDT MBIR to improve reconstruction image quality.
Main results: We conducted our experimental validation based on MC simulation for a breast sample. The results show that the proposed RotationCA-XRDT method succeeded in detecting 2 mm square carcinoma with a 15-view scan. The spatial resolution is significantly improved from current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods. With our refined system model, MBIR can obtain high quality images with little artifacts. 
Significance: We proposed a new high spatial resolution XRDT method combining coded-aperture compressed-sensing acquisition and sparse-view scan. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT method obtained significantly better image resolution than current SnapshotCA-XRDT methods in the field. It is of great potential for biological sample XRDT inspection. The proposed RotationCA-XRDT is the fastest millimetre-resolution XRDT method in the field which reduces the scan time from hours to minutes.&#xD.