Ti 3 C 2 T x -rGO-chitosan-based microcatheter sensor for real-time continuous monitoring of propofol: toward improved anesthetic management.

We are aiming to develop an electrochemical microcatheter sensor for the detection and real-time continuous monitoring of propofol (PPF), which is an anesthetic drug majorly used during medical treatment. This proposed microcatheter-based sensing strategy meets the challenge of real-time periodic and continuous monitoring of propofol by using d-Ti 3 C 2 T x -rGO-chi-modified carbon paste microcatheter sensor transducer. The sensing methodology relies on voltammetry and chronoamperometry transduction methods. The reusable microcatheter sensor was fabricated by embedding the three electrodes into a few millimeters-wide Teflon tube. The nanocomposite was characterized using advanced analytical instruments such as XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS. Further, electrode interfacial properties were characterized with voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electroanalytical performance of the modified microcatheter sensor was tested for the detection of PPF in phosphate buffer by using chronoamperometry with a wide linear range of 5 to 110 µM (at an applied potential of 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl). The sensor's practical potency was confirmed in human serum with a dynamic linear range of 10 to 130 µM. The sensor exhibited a good limit of detection values in phosphate buffer (2 µM) and natural human plasma (4 µM). The new sensor displays different dimensions of information while displaying high sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term stability. The outstanding analytical performance of the developed sensor holds considerable promise for the continuous monitoring of propofol, its effective management, and optimization of the doses in the patient's body.