High-Purity Bioactive Ingredient-3 S ,3' S -Astaxanthin: A New Preparation from Genetically Modified Kluyveromyces marxianus without Column Chromatography and Gel Filtration.

A highly efficient methodology for bioactive ingredient 3 S ,3' S -astaxanthin (3 S ,3' S -AST) preparation from genetically modified yeast ( Kluyveromyces marxianus ) with a combination of enzyme-assisted extraction and salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) was achieved. The highest yield of 3 S ,3' S -AST indicated that FoodPro ® CBL for yeast cell walls hydrolysis could significantly enhance extraction and obtain, with the help of SALLE procedure, quantified 3 S ,3' S -AST over 99% in purity through cation chelation. In the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay, the antioxidant capacity of high-purity 3 S ,3' S -AST products were 18.3 times higher than that of the original raw material extract. This new combination preparation may replace previous methods and has the potential to be scaled up in the manufacture of high-purity 3 S ,3' S -AST from low-value bioresources of raw materials to high-value products in the food and/or drug industries with lower cost and simple equipment.