Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules Enabled by Inhibited Escape of Volatile Species.

The intrinsically weak bonding structure in halide perovskite materials makes components in the thin films volatile, leading to decomposition of halide perovskite materials. The reactions within the perovskite film are reversible provided that components do not escape the thin films. Here, we report a holistic approach to improve the efficiency and stability of PSMs by preventing the effusion of volatile components. Specifically, we have developed a method for in-situ generation of channel barrier layers for perovskite photovoltaic modules. The resulting PSMs attain a certified aperture PCE of 21.37%, and possess remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of T 90 > 1100 h in ambient air, and damp heat (DH) tracking of T 93 > 1400 h. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.