MAP kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin are main pathways of gallbladder carcinogenesis: results from bioinformatic analysis of next generation sequencing data from a hospital-based cohort (NCT05404347).

The results suggest that the complex crosstalk between the mTOR, MAPK, and multiple interacting cell signaling cascades can promote GBC progression, and hence, mTOR-MAPK targeted treatment will be an attractive option.