Haemoglobin concentration and survival of haemodialysis patients before and after experiencing cardiovascular disease: a cohort study from Japanese dialysis outcomes and practice pattern study (J-DOPPS).

The association of low haemoglobin concentration with all-cause mortality differed between haemodialysis patients with and without cardiovascular comorbidity. Cardiovascular-comorbid condition should be considered when the association of haemoglobin concentration with mortality is addressed.