First DNA Barcoding Survey in Bulgaria Unveiled Huge Diversity of Yeasts in Insects.

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey aimed at assessing the diversity of yeast species inhabiting the guts of various insect species collected mainly from two Bulgarian National Parks, namely, Rila, and Pirin. The insect specimens encompass a broad taxonomic spectrum, including representatives from Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Isopoda, and Collembola. Yeast strains were identified with DNA barcoding using the ribosomal markers, specifically, the D1/D2 domains of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacers regions ITS 1 + 2 (ITS). The analysis unveiled the presence of 89 ascomycetous and 18 basidiomycetous yeast isolates associated with the insect specimens. Furthermore, our study identified 18 hitherto unknown yeast species.