Resistance of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) to triflumezopyrim: inheritance and fitness costs.

The inheritance mode of triflumezopyrim resistance in N. lugens was characterized as autosomal, codominant and polygenic. The resistance had a fitness cost, which may be an important factor limiting the evolution of resistance. These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay triflumezopyrim resistance development and maintain sustainable control of N. lugens. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.