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Redox-sensitive signalling pathways regulated by human papillomavirus in HPV-related cancers.

Alfredo Cruz-GregorioAna Karina Aranda-Rivera
Published in: Reviews in medical virology (2021)
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) chronic infection is associated with the induction of different HPV-related cancers, such as cervical, anus, vaginal, vulva, penis and oropharynx. HPV-related cancers have been related to oxidative stress (OS), where OS has a significant role in cancer development and maintenance. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for localised HPV-related cancers; however, these malignancies commonly progress to metastasis. In advanced stages, systemic therapies are the best option against HPV-related cancers. These therapies include cytokine therapy or a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors with immunotherapies. Nevertheless, these strategies are still insufficient. Cell redox-sensitive signalling pathways have been poorly studied, although they have been associated with the development and maintenance of HPV-related cancers. In this review, we analyse the known alterations of the following redox-sensitive molecules and signalling pathways by HR-HPV in HPV-related cancers: MAPKs, Akt/TSC2/mTORC1, Wnt/β-Cat, NFkB/IkB/NOX2, HIF/VHL/VEGF and mitochondrial signalling pathways as potential targets for redox therapy.
Keyphrases
  • high grade
  • oxidative stress
  • stem cells
  • cell proliferation
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • signaling pathway
  • cervical cancer screening
  • bone marrow
  • lymph node metastasis
  • papillary thyroid
  • replacement therapy