Genetics and Gene Editing Methods in Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis .

Our understanding of biological systems has for many years been heavily influenced by experimental approaches that exploit genetic methods. These include gain-of-function experiments that overexpress transgenes or ectopically express injected RNA and loss-of-function experiments that knock out genes or knock down RNAs. Here, we review how these methods have been applied in Xenopus frogs and introduce a variety of protocols for genetic manipulation of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis .