Chemical Constituents and Anticancer Activities of Marine-Derived Fungus Trichoderma lixii .

The fungal genus Trichoderma is a rich source of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with remarkable pharmaceutical properties. The chemical constituents and anticancer activities of the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma lixii have never been investigated. In this study, a bioactivity-guided investigation led to the isolation of eleven compounds, including trichodermamide A ( 1 ), trichodermamide B ( 2 ), aspergillazine A ( 3 ), DC1149B ( 4 ), ergosterol peroxide ( 5 ), cerebrosides D/C ( 6/7 ), 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-7-methoxychromone ( 8 ), nafuredin A ( 9 ), and harzianumols E/F ( 10 / 11 ). Their structures were identified by using various spectroscopic techniques and compared to those in the literature. Notably, compounds 2 and 5 - 11 were reported for the first time from this species. Evaluation of the anticancer activities of all isolated compounds was carried out. Compounds 2 , 4 , and 9 were the most active antiproliferative compounds against three cancer cell lines (human myeloma KMS-11, colorectal HT-29, and pancreas PANC-1). Intriguingly, compound 4 exhibited anti-austerity activity with an IC 50 of 22.43 μM against PANC-1 cancer cells under glucose starvation conditions, while compound 2 did not.