Radiographic manifestations of abnormal bone and mineral metabolism in end-stage renal disease.

Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) refers to a broader clinical syndrome that develops as a systemic disorder due to CKD, manifested by abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism and/or extraskeletal calcification. In addition to serum biomarkers, imaging is a main tool in assessing extraskeletal calcification in CKD patients.