Individualized Vancomycin Dosing with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Consultation Service: A Large-Scale Retrospective Observational Study.

In non-critically ill patients, an increase in target trough achieved by PKCS did not lead to decreased vancomycin treatment failures, shorter vancomycin treatment, or decreased nephrotoxicity in vancomycin treatment. Considering the excessive amount of effort currently put into vancomycin dosing and monitoring, more selective criteria for individualized pharmacokinetic-guided dosing needs to be applied.