Multidrug resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs with exudative epidermitis in North eastern Region of India.
S KalaiP RoychoudhuryTapan Kumar DuttaP K SubudhiS ChakrabortyN N BarmanA SenPublished in: Letters in applied microbiology (2021)
Exudative epidermatitis or greasy pig disease (GPD) is a contagious disease of pig and endemic worldwide caused by toxigenic strains under genus Staphylococcus. The present study reported an outbreak of GPD in Champhai district of Mizoram adjoining to the southern border of Myanmar. A total of 60 samples were collected from 22 clinically affected animals and processed for isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biofilm production assay and detection of virulence genes, biofilm genes and mec genes followed by cloning and sequencing for phylogenetic analysis. A total of 44 staphylococci belonged to four species (S. sciuri, S. aureus,S. lentus, and S. hyicus) were isolated. Majority of the isolates were multidrug resistant with maximum resistance against ampicillin, penicillin including vancomycin. None of the S. hyicus isolates was methicillin resistant (MRSH) but 66·67% isolates were MRSA. By PCR, mecA gene was detected in S. aureus (n = 2), S. sciuri (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 3). Biofilm associated gene icaD was detected in S. aureus (n = 3), S. sciuri (n = 5), S. hyicus (n = 4) and S. lentus (n = 6). The exfoliative toxin genes (ehxB, shetA and tsst1) were detected in S. hyicus (n = 3) and S. aureus (n = 1) isolates. All the isolates were closely related with the isolates from pigs of China, Germany, Japan and USA. The pathogens might be transmitted through illegal migration of pigs from Myanmar to India.
Keyphrases
- staphylococcus aureus
- genome wide
- biofilm formation
- multidrug resistant
- genetic diversity
- genome wide identification
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- bioinformatics analysis
- escherichia coli
- antimicrobial resistance
- gram negative
- genome wide analysis
- candida albicans
- south africa
- dna methylation
- acinetobacter baumannii
- copy number
- drug resistant
- gene expression
- transcription factor
- single cell
- age related macular degeneration
- real time pcr
- quantum dots
- sensitive detection