Association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women.

Our findings suggest that there is an association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women. However, further prospective studies are required to determine whether there is a dose-response relationship and address potential selection bias, especially in patients with femoral neck osteoporosis.