Outbreak-Causing Fungi: Pneumocystis jirovecii.
Sarah DellièreMaud Gits-MuselliStéphane BretagneAlexandra SerrisPublished in: Mycopathologia (2019)
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an important cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, with a higher mortality in non-HIV than in HIV patients. P. jirovecii is one of the rare transmissible pathogenic fungi and the only one that depends fully on the host to survive and proliferate. Transmissibility among humans is one of the main specificities of P. jirovecii. Hence, the description of multiple outbreaks raises questions regarding preventive care management of the disease, especially in the non-HIV population. Indeed, chemoprophylaxis is well codified in HIV patients but there is a trend for modifications of the recommendations in the non-HIV population. In this review, we aim to discuss the mode of transmission of P. jirovecii, identify published outbreaks of PCP and describe molecular tools available to study these outbreaks. Finally, we discuss public health and infection control implications of PCP outbreaks in hospital setting for in- and outpatients.
Keyphrases
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv positive
- hiv infected
- hiv testing
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hepatitis c virus
- end stage renal disease
- hiv aids
- public health
- men who have sex with men
- newly diagnosed
- healthcare
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- peritoneal dialysis
- prognostic factors
- south africa
- type diabetes
- palliative care
- risk factors
- cardiovascular events
- coronary artery disease
- intensive care unit
- quality improvement
- patient reported
- patient reported outcomes
- clinical practice
- pain management