Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion in young children in Japan.

The introduction of both PCV7 and PCV13 reduced MTTI incidences in children around 1 year old, and the effects were more prominent during the early half-periods. Our results support etiological evidence that pneumococcal infection in children aged 1 year and younger might play roles in the pathogenesis of ComOM that requires MTTI.