Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake.
Jens C BrüningHenning FenselauPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations in energy supply. Recently, our understanding of the neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence in the hypothalamus as the key coordinator of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed our view of brain-dependent control of metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how this emerging knowledge may provide new targets for their treatment.
Keyphrases
- resting state
- white matter
- metabolic syndrome
- healthcare
- type diabetes
- insulin resistance
- weight loss
- functional connectivity
- cerebral ischemia
- transcription factor
- weight gain
- single cell
- cardiovascular disease
- adipose tissue
- cardiovascular risk factors
- network analysis
- body mass index
- blood brain barrier
- smoking cessation