Luminescence Temperature Sensing and First Principles Calculation of Photoelectric Properties in C12A7 Co-Doped Eu 3+ Ions.

Developing high-resolution, high-accuracy fluorescent thermometers is challenging. In this study, the optical properties and thermal sensing of Yb-, Tm-, and Eu-co-doped C12A7 (C12A7:Yb/Eu/Tm), with flower-like structure upconversion microparticles, were studied. Eu 3+ doping induced an approximately 6-fold change in the upconversion luminescence (UCL) output in comparison with C12A7:Yb/Tm microparticles. The maximum relative temperature sensitivity ( S ) of C12A7:Yb/Eu/Tm reached 3.0% K -1 , representing an approximately 5-fold difference compared with the value of C12A7:Yb/Tm. In particular, the multicolor upconversion emission of C12A7:Yb/Eu/Tm can easily change from blue to white UCL with increasing temperature. Moreover, the band structure, total density, and optical coefficient of C12A7:Yb/Eu/Tm were investigated via density functional theory. The total density of O atoms increased in comparison with the total density of pure C12A7, indicating that substitution of Ca 2+ by Yb/Eu/Tm produced positive vacancies on the cage structure. The optical coefficient of C12A7 was improved by the Yb/Eu/Tm dopant. The thermally regulated multicolor characteristics and thermally coupled energy levels of Tm 3+ provide "dual adjustment temperature sensing", which is a promising strategy for realizing accurate and effective temperature sensors.