Genome Sequencing and Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme (CAZyme) Repertoire of the White Rot Fungus Flammulina elastica.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the Flammulina elastica (wood-rotting basidiomycete) genome was performed to identify carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). The resulting assembly (31 kmer) revealed a total length of 35,045,521 bp (49.7% GC content). Using the AUGUSTUS tool, 12,536 total gene structures were predicted by ab initio gene prediction. An analysis of orthologs revealed that 6806 groups contained at least one F. elastica protein. Among the 12,536 predicted genes, F. elastica contained 24 species-specific genes, of which 17 genes were paralogous. CAZymes are divided into five classes: glycoside hydrolases (GHs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), glycosyltransferases (GTs), and auxiliary activities (AA). In the present study, annotation of the predicted amino acid sequences from F. elastica genes using the dbCAN CAZyme database revealed 508 CAZymes, including 82 AAs, 218 GHs, 89 GTs, 18 PLs, 59 CEs, and 42 carbohydrate binding modules in the F. elastica genome. Although the CAZyme repertoire of F. elastica was similar to those of other fungal species, the total number of GTs in F. elastica was larger than those of other basidiomycetes. This genome information elucidates newly identified wood-degrading machinery in F. elastica, offers opportunities to better understand this fungus, and presents possibilities for more detailed studies on lignocellulosic biomass degradation that may lead to future biotechnological and industrial applications.