Conserved and Divergent Functions of the cAMP/PKA Signaling Pathway in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.
Chi-Jan LinYing-Lien ChenPublished in: Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) (2018)
Fungal species undergo many morphological transitions to adapt to changing environments, an important quality especially in fungal pathogens. For decades, Candida albicans has been one of the most prevalent human fungal pathogens, and recently, the prevalence of Candida tropicalis as a causative agent of candidiasis has increased. In C. albicans, the ability to switch between yeast and hyphal forms is thought to be a key virulence factor and is regulated by multiple signaling cascades—including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA), calcineurin, high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways—upon receiving environmental cues. The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway also triggers white-opaque switching in C. albicans. However, studies on C. tropicalis morphogenesis are limited. In this minireview, we discuss the regulation of the yeast-hypha transition, virulence, and white-opaque switching through the cAMP/PKA pathway in the closely related species C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- signaling pathway
- biofilm formation
- protein kinase
- pi k akt
- antimicrobial resistance
- cell wall
- binding protein
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- induced apoptosis
- escherichia coli
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- staphylococcus aureus
- gram negative
- endothelial cells
- risk factors
- saccharomyces cerevisiae
- transcription factor
- oxidative stress
- genetic diversity
- cell proliferation
- quality improvement
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- human health
- case control