Response of internal carotid artery blood flow velocity to fluid challenge under general anesthesia in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease: A prospective observational study.

The internal carotid artery blood flow velocity did not increase in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease under general anesthesia, despite fluid challenge and corresponding changes in the blood pressure and cardiac output. Intraoperative hemodynamic management to improve the cerebral blood flow in these patients requires further investigation.