Residency Surgical BPH Training Paradigms from MIST to HOLEP.

Each BPH surgical therapy has a learning curve which must be overcome. There is an abundance of TURP simulators which have shown face, content, and construct validity in the literature. Similarly, laser therapies have validated simulators. Newer technologies do have available simulators, but they have not been validated. There are strategies to improve learning and outcomes, such as having a structured training program. Simulators are available for BPH surgical procedures and some have been implemented in urology residencies. It is likely that such simulation may make urologists more facile on their learning curves for newer technologies. Further studies are needed. Future directions may include integration of simulator technology into training pathways that include surgical observation and proctorship.