Thrombotic microangiopathy in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection: High incidence of severe thrombocytopenia.

The incidence described herein of HIV infection among TMA patients is the highest reported outside of South Africa. More severe thrombocytopenia in HIV-positive patients may reflect TMA in the setting of preexisting HIV-associated thrombocytopenia. HIV should be considered in patients with TMA, and TMA should be considered in HIV-positive patients with severe thrombocytopenia.