The use of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in an analysis of 5016 patients from 305 designated cancer care hospitals in Japan.

Based on our results, in Japan, relatively few patients with resectable locally advanced thoracic ESCC receive neoadjuvant therapy, with older patients and patients at lower volume hospitals being less likely than other patients to receive the neoadjuvant therapy. We recommend that the process of treatment decision-making be assessed at both the patient and hospital levels so that patients can consider various treatment options, including neoadjuvant therapy with surgery in Japan.