A clinical approach to treatment resistance in depressed patients: What to do when the usual treatments don't work well enough?
Seetal DoddMichael BauerAndre Fèrrer CarvalhoHarris EyreMaurizio FavaSiegfried KasperSidney H KennedyJon-Paul KhooCarlos Lopez JaramilloGin S MalhiRoger S McIntyrePhilip B MitchellAngela Marianne Paredes CastroAswin RatheeshEmanuel SeverusTrisha SuppesMadhukar H TrivediMichael E ThaseLakshmi N YathamAllan H YoungMichael BerkPublished in: The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (2020)
MDD is a polymorphic disorder and many individuals who fail to respond to standard pharmacotherapy and are considered hard to treat. These patients are best served by personalised approaches that deconstruct the factors that have contributed to the patient's depression and implementing a treatment plan that adequately addresses these factors. The existence of TRD as a discrete and distinct subtype of MDD, defined by two treatment failures, is not supported by evidence.