DXA beyond bone mineral density and the REMS technique: new insights for current radiologists practice.
Carmelo MessinaStefano FuscoSilvia GazzottiDomenico AlbanoGloria BonaccorsiGiuseppe GuglielmiAlberto BazzocchiPublished in: La Radiologia medica (2024)
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent skeletal disorder, a condition that is associated with significant social and healthcare burden. In the elderly, osteoporosis is commonly associated with sarcopenia, further increasing the risk of fracture. Several imaging techniques are available for a non-invasive evaluation of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. This review focuses on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), as this technique offers the possibility to evaluate bone mineral density and body composition parameters with good precision and accuracy. DXA is also able to evaluate the amount of aortic calcification for cardiovascular risk estimation. Additionally, new DXA-based parameters have been developed in recent years to further refine fracture risk estimation, such as the Trabecular Bone Score and the Bone Strain Index. Finally, we describe the recent advances of a newly developed ultrasound-based technology known as Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry, which represent the latest non-ionizing approach for osteoporosis evaluation at central sites.
Keyphrases
- bone mineral density
- body composition
- dual energy
- postmenopausal women
- healthcare
- high resolution
- computed tomography
- resistance training
- skeletal muscle
- community dwelling
- primary care
- image quality
- magnetic resonance imaging
- aortic valve
- middle aged
- heart failure
- pulmonary artery
- hip fracture
- mental health
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- health insurance
- quality improvement
- deep learning
- gas chromatography
- risk factors
- tandem mass spectrometry