Covalent organic framework linked with amination luminol derivative as enhanced ECL luminophore for ultrasensitive analysis of cytochrome c .

Cytochrome c (cyt c ) plays a critical role in mitochondrial respiratory chain, whose absence is detrimental to electron transport and reduce adenosine triphosphate. For ultrasensitive detection of cyt c , sheet-like covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were prepared by orderly accumulation of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (BTA) and p -phenylenediamine (PDA), and further grafted with N -(4-aminobutyl)- N -ethylisoluminol (ABEI) - an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter. Specifically, the morphology and structure of the COFs-ABEI were mainly characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In parallel, the optical properties of the emitter were certified by UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence (FL), and ECL measurements, showing 2.25-time enhanced ECL efficiency over pure ABEI, coupled by illustrating the interfacial electron transport mechanism. On the above foundation, a label-free "signal off" ECL biosensor was constructed by virtue of the specific immune recognition between the aptamer of the target cyt c with its capture DNA (cDNA) anchored on the biosensing platform, exhibiting a wider linear range of 1.00 fg mL -1 -0.10 ng mL -1 ( R 2 = 0.998) and a lower limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.73 fg mL -1 . This work offers some constructive guidelines for sensitive bioassays of disease-related biomarkers in the clinical field.