Micromechanism in All-Solid-State Alloy-Metal Batteries: Regulating Homogeneous Lithium Precipitation and Flexible Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution.

Sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) matched with alloy anodes are considered as promising candidates for application in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) to overcome the bottlenecks of the lithium (Li) anode. However, an understanding of the dynamic electrochemical processes on alloy anode in SSE is still elusive. Herein, in situ atomic force microscopy gives insights into the block-formation and stack-accumulation behaviors of Li precipitation on an Li electrode, uncovering the morphological evolution of nanoscale Li deposition/dissolution in ASSBs. Furthermore, two-dimensional Li-indium (In) alloy lamellae and the homogeneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) shell on the In electrode reveal the precipitation mechanism microscopically regulated by the alloy anode. The flexible and wrinkle-structure SEI shell further enables the electrode protection and inner Li accommodation upon cycles, elucidating the functional influences of SEI shell on the cycling behaviors. Such on-site tracking of the morphological evolution and dynamic mechanism provide an in-depth understanding and thus benefit the optimizations of alloy-based ASSBs.