Secondary headache disorders in Turkey, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: A cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Ahmet EvliceHamit GençDerya UluduzBetul BaykanHayrunnisa BolayIsin Unal-CevikNajib KissaniOtgonbayar LuvsannorovMansoureh ToghaAynur Ozgenull null

Published in: Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache (2023)

In the present study, one in three patients with a headache had a secondary headache. Headache attributed to substances or their withdrawal was the most common subtype of secondary headaches in all the studied regions. The female predominance of secondary headaches was lower in Africa than in Turkey. The severity and density of headaches differed significantly between regions, with patients from Africa reporting milder pain.

Keyphrases

end stage renal disease
newly diagnosed
ejection fraction
chronic pain
chronic kidney disease
peritoneal dialysis
emergency department
prognostic factors
spinal cord injury
neuropathic pain
patient reported outcomes
spinal cord
drinking water
adverse drug