Dimensional Mixing Increases the Efficiency of 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells.

2D/3D heterojunction perovskite solar cells have demonstrated superior efficiency and stability compared to their fully 3D counterparts. Previous studies have focused on producing 2D layers containing predominantly n = 1 perovskite quantum wells. In this report we demonstrate a technique to introduce dimensional mixing into the 2D layer, and we show that this leads to more efficient devices relative to controls. Simulations suggest that the improvements are due to a reduction in trap state density and superior band alignment between the 3D/2D perovskite and the hole-transporting layer.