Smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption and risk of low back pain: a Mendelian randomization study.

Zhengtao LvJiarui CuiJia-Ming Zhang

Published in: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2022)

Smoking is casually associated with an increased risk of LBP. Smoking control should be recommended in LBP patients to avoid worsening the disease. The safety of LBP with moderate alcohol and coffee consumption merits more study.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
end stage renal disease
chronic kidney disease
ejection fraction
newly diagnosed
prognostic factors
peritoneal dialysis
alcohol consumption
high intensity
patient reported outcomes