Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors in Kidney Injury and Repair.
Shaoqun ShuYing WangMeiling ZhengZhiwen LiuJuan CaiChengyuan TangZheng DongPublished in: Cells (2019)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major kidney disease characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. Accumulating evidence indicates that incomplete or maladaptive repair after AKI can result in kidney fibrosis and the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient supply of oxygen to cells and tissues, occurs in both acute and chronic kidney diseases under a variety of clinical and experimental conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the "master" transcription factors responsible for gene expression in hypoxia. Recent researches demonstrate that HIFs play an important role in kidney injury and repair by regulating HIF target genes, including microRNAs. However, there are controversies regarding the pathological roles of HIFs in kidney injury and repair. In this review, we describe the regulation, expression, and functions of HIFs, and their target genes and related functions. We also discuss the involvement of HIFs in AKI and kidney repair, presenting HIFs as effective therapeutic targets.
Keyphrases
- acute kidney injury
- gene expression
- chronic kidney disease
- endothelial cells
- cardiac surgery
- transcription factor
- genome wide
- dna methylation
- end stage renal disease
- induced apoptosis
- drug induced
- liver failure
- oxidative stress
- intensive care unit
- binding protein
- hepatitis b virus
- cell cycle arrest
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- long non coding rna
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- liver fibrosis