[Immune mechanisms of complicity of somatic pathology in the pathogenesis of mental disorders].

Understanding the mechanisms of the relationship between the nervous and immune systems within the framework of the concept of the key role of inflammation, taking into account the involved genetic factors in the development of a wide range of combined forms of somatic and mental diseases, is of interest for research as well as for the development of new approaches to early diagnosis and more effective treatment of these diseases. This review analyzes the immune mechanisms of the development of mental disorders in patients with somatic diseases, in particular, the transmission of an inflammatory signal from the periphery to the CNS and the implementation of the influence of inflammatory factors on neurochemical systems that determine the characteristics of mental functioning. Particular attention is paid to the processes underlying the disruption of the blood-brain barrier caused by peripheral inflammation. Modulation of neurotransmission, changes in neuroplasticity, changes in regional activity of the brain in areas associated with the functions of threat recognition, cognitive processes and memory function, the effect of cytokines on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are considered as mechanisms of action of inflammatory factors in the brain. The need to take into account variations in the genes of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be the cause of increased genetic vulnerability associated with the risk mental disorders in patients suffering from a certain somatic disease, is emphasized.