Syncope is a sudden loss of consciousness (transient loss of consciousness, TLOC) caused by a lack of cerebral perfusion that resolves spontaneously and completely after a short period of time 1. With a lifetime prevalence of 40% and constituting about 1% of all emergency department admissions, syncope is a common and medically relevant problem 2 3. The underlying causes of syncope are diverse and associated with significantly different prognoses. A structured approach is essential to identify high-risk patients and ensure appropriate treatment. This article aims at providing an overview of the current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope.