Epigenetic modulation of myeloid cell functions in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Carolyn KrauseEva BergmannSusanne Viktoria SchmidtPublished in: Molecular biology reports (2024)
Myeloid cells play a vital role in innate immune responses as they recognize and phagocytose pathogens like viruses, present antigens, produce cytokines, recruit other immune cells to combat infections, and contribute to the attenuation of immune responses to restore homeostasis. Signal integration by pathogen recognition receptors enables myeloid cells to adapt their functions by a network of transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. This review provides a brief overview of the subtypes of myeloid cells and the main epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Special focus is placed on the epigenomic alterations in viral nucleic acids of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 along with the epigenetic changes in the host's myeloid cell compartment. These changes are important as they lead to immune suppression and promote the progression of the disease. Finally, we highlight some promising examples of 'epidrugs' that modulate the epigenome of immune cells and could be used as therapeutics for viral infections.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- induced apoptosis
- dendritic cells
- bone marrow
- cell cycle arrest
- acute myeloid leukemia
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv infected
- human immunodeficiency virus
- single cell
- hiv positive
- hepatitis c virus
- cell therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- hiv testing
- cell death
- hiv aids
- stem cells
- innate immune
- oxidative stress
- genome wide
- candida albicans
- south africa
- cell proliferation
- pi k akt
- inflammatory response