Gastrulation-stage alcohol exposure induces similar rates of craniofacial malformations in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Karen E BoschenConstance J DragicevichEric W FishAustin J HepperlaJeremy M SimonScott E Parnell

Published in: Birth defects research (2023)

Gastrulation-stage alcohol induces craniofacial malformations in male and female mouse fetuses at similar rates and severity, though growth deficits are more prevalent females. These findings support the investigation of biological sex as a contributing factor in prenatal alcohol studies.

Keyphrases

alcohol consumption
pregnant women
type diabetes
gestational age
case control
preterm birth
wild type