As an important cell factory, industrial yeast has been widely used for the production of compounds ranging from bulk chemicals to complex natural products. However, various adverse conditions including toxic products, extreme pH, and hyperosmosis etc., severely restrict microbial growth and metabolic performance, limiting the fermentation efficiency and diminishing its competitiveness. Therefore, enhancing the tolerance and robustness of yeasts is critical to ensure reliable and sustainable production of metabolites in complex industrial production processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of various strategies for improving the tolerance of yeast cells, including random mutagenesis, system metabolic engineering, and material-mediated immobilization cell technology. It is expected that this review will provide a new perspective to realize the response and intelligent regulation of yeast cells to environmental stresses.
Keyphrases
- saccharomyces cerevisiae
- induced apoptosis
- wastewater treatment
- heavy metals
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- cell therapy
- cell wall
- crispr cas
- microbial community
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- risk assessment
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- emergency department
- bone marrow
- human health
- adverse drug