Intraspinal stimulation with a silicon-based 3D chronic microelectrode array for bladder voiding in cats.

3D intraspinal microstimulation arrays can be chronically implanted and provide a beneficial effect on the bladder voiding in the intact spinal cord and after spinal cord transection. However, further studies are required to assess longer-term reliability and safety of the developed intraspinal microstimulation array prior to eventual human translation.