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Towards better understanding of giant cell granulomas of the oral cavity.

Atif A AhmedAparna Naidu
Published in: Journal of clinical pathology (2021)
Giant cell granulomas are enigmatic lesions of the oral cavity characterised by a peculiar combined proliferation of mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells in a mesenchymal stromal background. Central and peripheral giant cell granulomas may have similar pathogenesis and histology but differ in their location and biological behaviour. It is important to differentiate them from other giant cell lesions that can occur in the oral cavity, such as giant cell tumour of the bone, aneurysmal bone cyst, brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, and giant cell lesions of Ramon syndrome, Noonan syndrome, neurofibromatosis and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome. A recent insight into their molecular genetics and pathogenesis, with identification of KRAS, FGFR1 and TRPV4 mutations, allows for better diagnostic differentiation and opens the door to the use of pathway inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent or dysmorphic lesions. In this review, we provide an updated summary of the clinical and pathological features of oral cavity giant cell granulomas that help with their precise diagnosis and management.
Keyphrases
  • giant cell
  • case report
  • bone marrow
  • stem cells
  • induced apoptosis
  • bone mineral density
  • signaling pathway
  • spinal cord injury
  • spinal cord
  • oxidative stress
  • cell death
  • postmenopausal women
  • bone loss
  • combination therapy