Microbial and host-derived biomarker changes during ligature-induced and spontaneous peri-implantitis in the Beagle dog.

Experimental peri-implantitis is associated with an increase in bacterial counts. While Pg and Tf are associated with ligature-induced disease progression, Pi augmented its load during the spontaneous progressive phase. IL-1β is associated with pocket probing depth and influenced by implant surface characteristics during the spontaneous progression phase.