Salvage Options for the Failed Total Knee 
Arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most popular and successful procedures of the past century. However, as the number of TKAs continues to increase, the volume of revision surgeries also will increase. Although revision TKAs are often successful, adult reconstruction surgeons will likely continue to see patients with limited arthroplasty options after multiple failed revision TKAs. This raises the question of limb salvage versus transfemoral amputation as the final procedure option. It is important to review modern techniques for the patient who has undergone multiple revision TKAs with significant bone loss or chronic infection. These techniques include distal femur replacement, total femur arthroplasty, knee arthrodesis, and transfemoral amputation.