An overview of metabolomic and proteomic profiling in bipolar disorder and its clinical value.

A large number of proteins and metabolites have been reported as potential BD biomarkers; however, most studies do not reach biomarker validation stages. An effort from the scientific community should be directed toward the validation of biomarkers and the development of simplified bioanalytical techniques or protocols to determine them in biological samples, in order to translate proteomics and metabolomics findings into clinical routine assays.