Hormonally Active Contraceptives, Part II: Sociological, Environmental, and Economic Impact.
William V WilliamsJoel BrindLaura HaynesMichael D ManhartHanna KlausAngela LanfranchiGerard MigeonMichael GaskinsElvis I ŠemanLester RuppersbergerKathleen M RavielePublished in: The Linacre quarterly (2021)
Hormonal contraceptives have wide-ranging effects. The potential economic impact of the medical side effects is estimated. Sociological effects are discussed including abortion, exploitation of women, a weakening of marriage and an increase in divorce with negative effects on children such as child poverty, poorer health, lower educational achievement, suicide risks, drug and alcohol abuse, criminality and incarceration among others. The environmental impact includes hormonal effects on fish with declining fish populations. Women seeking birth control have a right to know about how to avoid these risks by using effective hormone-free methods like Fertility Awareness Methods.
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