Assessing the Role of Social Bots During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemic, Disagreement, and Criticism.

By classifying the accounts according to their likelihood of being bots and performing topic modeling, we were able to segment the Twitter conversation regarding COVID-19. Bot accounts tended to criticize the measures imposed to curb the pandemic, express disagreement with politicians, or question the veracity of the information shared on social media.