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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in People Living with HIV: Case Report and Literature Review.

Jiangjin HuiJinhua WangZhikai WanQing CaoBohao DaiHaiyan LouBiao Zhu
Published in: Neurology and therapy (2024)
With the increase in the number of cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people living with HIV (PLWH) showing abnormal behavior, cognitive impairment or abnormal movements should be actively screened for the antibody panel of AE. Early recognition and treatment can prevent severe seizures or coma and markedly improve the prognosis of patients. The first-line immunotherapy for AE includes intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. However, whether long-time immunosuppressive maintenance therapy is needed is debated. For PLWH, immunosuppressive therapy and even steroids could be more challenging. Here, we review and summarize the clinical characteristics often reported cases and report one case from our center to improve the diagnosis and treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in PLWH.
Keyphrases
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • cognitive impairment
  • end stage renal disease
  • high dose
  • ejection fraction
  • multiple sclerosis
  • early onset
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • patient reported
  • replacement therapy