Cardiovascular and diabetes outcomes among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes after metabolic bariatric surgery or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist treatment.

Compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist treatment, metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with superior metabolic outcomes and a lower risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, but a higher risk of alcohol/substance abuse, self-harm, and fractures.