The Association Between Mean Glycated Haemoglobin or Glycaemic Variability and the Development of Retinopathy in People with Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

We have shown that mean HbA1c is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. However, after adjustment for sex, age, diabetes type and the mean, the HbA1c variability no longer remained significant. Our data suggest that optimizing long-term glycaemic control remains paramount.