Synthesis of manganese-based complex as cathode material for aqueous rechargeable batteries.

A low-cost and eco-friendly system based on a manganese-based complex cathode and zinc anode was demonstrated. The cathode is able to reversibly (de-)insert Zn 2+ ions, providing a high capacity of 248 mA h g -1 at 0.1 A g -1 . Ex situ TEM and XRD were utilized to determine the electrochemical mechanism of this high capacity cathode. Moreover, the contribution of pre-added Mn 2+ in electrolyte to the capacity was revealed, and nearly 18.9% of the capacity is ascribed to the contribution of pre-added Mn 2+ . With the help of additive, this aqueous rechargeable battery shows outstanding electrochemical property. Its cycling performance is good with 6% capacity loss after 2000 cycles at 4.0 A g -1 , highlighting it as a promising system for aqueous rechargeable battery applications.